The mitochondrial respiratory chain, also known as the electron transport chain (ETC), is
crucial to life, and energy production in the form of ATP is the main mitochondrial function …

Diverse mechanisms for pH sensing and cytoplasmic pH homeostasis enable most bacteria
to tolerate or grow at external pH values that are outside the cytoplasmic pH range they must …

Complex I is the first and largest enzyme of the respiratory chain, coupling electron transfer
between NADH and ubiquinone to the translocation of four protons across the membrane. It …

In this chapter, we mainly focus on the acclimation of cyanobacteria to the changing ambient
CO2 and discuss mechanisms of inorganic carbon (Ci) uptake, photorespiration, and the …

Mrp (M ultiple r esistance and p H) antiporter was identified as a gene complementing an
alkaline-sensitive mutant strain of alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans C-125 in 1990. At that …

Hydrogen gas-evolving membrane-bound hydrogenase (MBH) and quinone-reducing
complex I are homologous respiratory complexes with a common ancestor, but a structural …

The haloalkaliphilics are an important subset of extremophiles that grow in salt [upto
33%(wt/vol) NaCl] and alkaline pH (> 9). They are found in hypersaline environments …

The fast-growing cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (Syn2973) is a
promising candidate for photosynthetic microbial factory. Seawater utilization is necessary …

Multiple resistance and pH adaptation (Mrp) antiporters are multi-subunit Na+ (or K+)/H+
exchangers representing an ancestor of many essential redox-driven proton pumps, such as …

Modern day aerobic respiration in mitochondria involving complex I converts redox energy
into chemical energy and likely evolved from a simple anaerobic system now represented by …