The DOE E3SM model version 2: Overview of the physical model and initial model evaluation
This work documents version two of the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth
System Model (E3SM). E3SMv2 is a significant evolution from its predecessor E3SMv1 …
System Model (E3SM). E3SMv2 is a significant evolution from its predecessor E3SMv1 …
The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979
In recent decades, the warming in the Arctic has been much faster than in the rest of the
world, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification. Numerous studies report that the Arctic …
world, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification. Numerous studies report that the Arctic …
Future global climate: scenario-based projections and near-term information
This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …
Changing state of the climate system
2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …
The ERA5 global reanalysis: Preliminary extension to 1950
The extension of the ERA5 reanalysis back to 1950 supplements the previously published
segment covering 1979 to the present. It features the assimilation of additional conventional …
segment covering 1979 to the present. It features the assimilation of additional conventional …
Precipitation trends determine future occurrences of compound hot–dry events
Compound hot–dry events—co-occurring hot and dry extremes—frequently cause damages
to human and natural systems, often exceeding separate impacts from heatwaves and …
to human and natural systems, often exceeding separate impacts from heatwaves and …
High-resolution (1 km) Köppen-Geiger maps for 1901–2099 based on constrained CMIP6 projections
We introduce Version 2 of our widely used 1-km Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps
for historical and future climate conditions. The historical maps (encompassing 1901–1930 …
for historical and future climate conditions. The historical maps (encompassing 1901–1930 …
Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum
Climate changes across the past 24,000 years provide key insights into Earth system
responses to external forcing. Climate model simulations, and proxy data,,,,–have …
responses to external forcing. Climate model simulations, and proxy data,,,,–have …
The ERA5 global reanalysis from 1940 to 2022
We provide a description and concise evaluation of the European Centre of Medium‐range
Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v. 5 (ERA5) global reanalysis from an additional extension …
Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v. 5 (ERA5) global reanalysis from an additional extension …
CMIP6 simulations with the CMCC Earth system model (CMCC‐ESM2)
This article introduces the second generation CMCC Earth System Model (CMCC‐ESM2)
that extends a number of marine and terrestrial biogeochemical processes with respect to its …
that extends a number of marine and terrestrial biogeochemical processes with respect to its …