Global forest restoration targets have been set, yet policy makers and land managers lack
guiding principles on how to invest limited resources to achieve them. We conducted a meta …

Ecosystem services (ES) from mountain forests are highly relevant for human societies. ES
with a direct economic support function (eg timber production), regulatory services (eg …

The Paris Agreement requires major societal and economic transformations to ensure that
the increase in global average temperature remains below 2 C (or even 1.5 C) compared to …

A large research effort was initiated in the 1990s in western United States and Canada to
investigate how the development of old-growth structures can be accelerated in young even …

Carbon stock and diversity of species together address the two most pressing concerns for
successful ecosystem functioning and management, namely climate change and …

Introduction of drought-tolerant exotic tree species is seen as an important adaptation
measure of forest management to climate change in Central Europe. Douglas fir …

In the past several decades, a trend in forestry and silviculture has been toward promoting
complexity in forest ecosystems, but how complexity is conceived and described has shifted …

As a large and persistent carbon sink, forest soils have an essential role in the carbon cycle,
thus performing valuable services to society. This paper aims to investigate the role of …

Forest ecosystems deliver multiple services crucial for human wellbeing and welfare, with
complex relationships among forest ecosystem services (FESs). Implementing sustainable …

Managing forests to sustain their diversity and functioning is a major challenge in a
changing world. Despite the key role of understory vegetation in driving forest biodiversity …