Fear conditioning is a significant area of research that has featured prominently among the
topics published in Biological Psychology over the last 50 years. This work has greatly …

Background and objectives In counterconditioning, a conditioned aversive stimulus (CS) is
paired with an appetitive stimulus to reduce fear and avoidance. Findings are, however …

When two cues are presented together and reliably predict an outcome (AB-O1) an
“overshadowing” effect is typically observed. That is, the relationship between these cues …

Extinction of a response in the presence of one stimulus in an equivalence class can transfer
to other related stimuli, but difficulties in establishing extinction can compromise analyses …

Recent studies have shown that fear conditioning experiments can be successfully
conducted online. However, there is limited evidence that measures other than subjective …

Fear and anxiety are rarely confined to specific stimuli or situations. In fear generalisation,
there is a spread of fear responses elicited by physically dissimilar generalisation stimuli …

Extinction of fear and avoidance is not permanent and can return following contextual
changes (termed renewal). The aim of the current study was to investigate the renewal of …

Excessive avoidance causes functional impairment and maintains anxiety disorders. In the
laboratory, approach-avoidance conflict tasks (AACT) can be used to study approach …

Avoidance has been recognised as an important factor in the development and
maintenance of anxiety at least as far back as Mowrer's two factor theory (1939). The precise …

The return of fear model of reinstatement is an understudied phenomenon that may shed
some light on the mechanisms of clinical relapse seen in anxiety disorders. Previous studies …