Spine surgery carries an inherent risk of damage to critical neural structures. Intraoperative
neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is frequently used to improve the safety of spine …

Recently, many surgeons have been using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
(IOM) in spinal surgery to reduce the incidence of postoperative neurological complications …

Study Design: Narrative review. Objective: To summarize relevant studies regarding the
utilization of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) techniques in spine …

Study Design. Retrospective review of a prospectively collected, multicenter database.
Objective. To assess rates of new neurologic deficit (NND) associated with spine surgery …

In microneurosurgery, it is crucial to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the
nerve through continuous intraoperative identification of neural anatomy. To this end, here …

Abstract Study Design Consensus-based creation of a checklist and guideline. Objective To
develop a consensus-based checklist to guide surgeon responses to intraoperative …

With continued innovations in neuromodulation comes the need for evolving reviews of best
practices. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S) has significantly improved the treatment …

Object Although multimodal intraoperative spinal cord monitoring provides greater accuracy,
transcranial electrical stimulation motor evoked potential (TcMEP) monitoring became the …

Spinal tumor (ST) surgery carries the risk of new neurological deficits in the postoperative
period. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and map** (IONM) represents an …

The drift or fall of stretchable neural microelectrodes from the surface of wet and dynamic
tissues severely hampers the adoption of microelectrodes for electrophysiological signal …