Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Our understanding of depression and its treatment has advanced with the advent of
ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant and the development and refinement of tools …

Current clinical brain tumour therapy practices are based on tumour resection and post-
operative chemotherapy or X-ray radiation. Resection requires technically challenging open …

A key assumption of optogenetics is that light only affects opsin-expressing neurons.
However, illumination invariably heats tissue, and many physiological processes are …

Two-photon microscopy has enabled high-resolution imaging of neuroactivity at depth within
scattering brain tissue. However, its various realizations have not overcome the tradeoffs …

Achieving temporally precise, noninvasive control over specific neural cell types in the deep
brain would advance the study of nervous system function. Here we use the potent …

Optogenetic actuators enable highly precise spatiotemporal interrogation of biological
processes at levels ranging from the subcellular to cells, circuits and behaving organisms …

Advanced technologies for controlled delivery of light to targeted locations in biological
tissues are essential to neuroscience research that applies optogenetics in animal models …

Genetically encoded dopamine sensors based on green fluorescent protein (GFP) enable
high-resolution imaging of dopamine dynamics in behaving animals. However, these GFP …

Optogenetics is widely used to interrogate the neural circuits underlying disease and has
most recently been harnessed for therapeutic applications. The optogenetic toolkit consists …