Rapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost
ecosystems release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Understanding how much …

Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra
are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

The permafrost zone is expected to be a substantial carbon source to the atmosphere, yet
large-scale models currently only simulate gradual changes in seasonally thawed soil …

Large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) have accumulated in the Northern Hemisphere
permafrost region, but their current amounts and future fate remain uncertain. By analyzing …

Under a warming climate, degrading permafrost profoundly and extensively affects arctic
and alpine ecology. However, most existing relevant studies are more focused on the …

Thermokarst is the process whereby the thawing of ice-rich permafrost ground causes land
subsidence, resulting in development of distinctive landforms. Accelerated thermokarst due …

Soils and other unconsolidated deposits in the northern circumpolar permafrost region store
large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). This SOC is potentially vulnerable to …

Soil carbon (C) is a critical component of Earth system models (ESMs), and its diverse
representations are a major source of the large spread across models in the terrestrial C …

Permafrost vulnerability to climate change may be underestimated unless effects of wildfire
are considered. Here we assess impacts of wildfire on soil thermal regime and rate of …