A soft open point (SOP) is a power electronic device, usually using back-to-back voltage
source converters (VSCs), installed at a previously normally open point of a distribution …

Rising penetration of renewable energy sources in present day transmission systems
requires increased attention to network security. Existing computation tools in power system …

New market tools and distributed energy sources in present day transmission systems
necessitate innovation in supporting information technologies. Existing tools used for power …

Energy environment is proceeding significant changes, which establish new market
arrangements following by penetration of novel technological trends. The complexity of the …

Nowadays, processes of purchase of ancillary services reserves (AnS) and their further
activation are mostly separated. A determination of the demanded volume of AnS reserves is …

This paper introduces secure TSO/DSO power flow intervals, in which the transition between
transmission and distribution networks are necessarily secure. The growing electricity …