Epidemiology is the science of how disease develops in populations, with applications in
human, animal and plant diseases. For plant diseases, epidemiology has developed as a …

(Adaptive) radiations have attracted evolutionary biologists for a long time as ideal model
systems to study patterns and processes of often rapid speciation. However, whereas a …

Holobionts, consisting of a host and diverse microbial symbionts, function as distinct
biological entities anatomically, metabolically, immunologically, and developmentally …

Ecological factors, host characteristics and/or interactions among microbes may all shape
the occurrence of microbes and the structure of microbial communities within organisms. In …

Variation among parasite strains can affect the progression of disease or the effectiveness of
treatment. What maintains parasite diversity? Here I argue that competition among parasites …

Potential interactions among co-circulating viral strains in host populations are often
overlooked in the study of virus transmission. However, these interactions probably shape …

Surmounting evidence supports that infectious agents play a critical role in sha** fish
physiology, behaviour, and survival. The exclusion of disease-causing agents from fisheries …

Individual hosts and populations frequently harbour multiple parasite species
simultaneously. Despite their commonness, the consequences of interspecific interactions …

The future existence of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), an important tree species
throughout temperate Europe, is threatened. An invasive fungal disease (ash dieback) has …

Natural populations often have to cope with genetically distinct parasites that can coexist, or
not, within the same hosts. Theoretical models addressing the evolution of virulence have …