ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, SCV2), which has resulted in higher morbidity and …

All respiratory viruses establish primary infections in the nasal epithelium, where efficient
innate immune induction may prevent dissemination to the lower airway and thus minimize …

COVID-19 pneumonia causes acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ALI/ARDS) characterized by early pulmonary endothelial and epithelial injuries with altered …

The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is associated with a hyperinflammatory immune response.
Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in this hyperinflammatory response to …

Primary differentiated human epithelial cell cultures have been widely used by researchers
to study viral fitness and virus-host interactions, especially during the COVID19 pandemic …

SARS-CoV-2 infection of immunocompromised individuals often leads to prolonged
detection of viral RNA and infectious virus in nasal specimens, presumably due to the lack of …

Seasonal influenza viruses frequently acquire mutations that have the potential to alter both
virus replication and antigenic profile. Recent seasonal H1N1 viruses have acquired …

Influenza viruses replicate in both the cooler, upper portions of the airway and the warmer,
lower portions of the respiratory tract. This study investigates how physiological ranges of …

Influenza viruses are a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality, with multiple
subtypes circulating seasonally and causing annual epidemics. New viral clades emerge …