Climate change is driving a fundamental reorganization of the coastal zone, in which carbon-
rich ecosystems are simultaneously migrating, accreting and submerging. In this Review, we …

This review evaluates the importance of plants and associated biological processes in
determining the vulnerability of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise. Coastal wetlands occur …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global
carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes …

Coastal saltmarshes are found globally, yet are 25%–50% reduced compared with their
historical cover. Restoration is incentivised by the promise that marshes are efficient storers …

Mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrasses have been recognized as blue carbon coastal
ecosystems as they accommodate large carbon stocks, enable long-term carbon storage …

Ecosystem connectivity tends to increase the resilience and function of ecosystems
responding to stressors. Coastal ecosystems sequester disproportionately large amounts of …

Blue carbon has made significant contributions to climate change adaptation and mitigation
while assisting in achieving co-benefits such as aquaculture development and coastal …

Salt marshes often undergo rapid changes in lateral extent, the causes of which lack
common explanation. We combine hydrological, sedimentological, and climatological data …