The forest restoration challenge (globally 2 billion ha) and the prospect of changing climate
with increasing frequency of extreme events argues for approaching restoration from a …

For quantifying and modelling of landscape patterns, the patch matrix model (PMM) and the
gradient model (GM) are fundamental concepts of landscape ecology. While the PMM model …

Quantifying landscape characteristics and linking them to ecological processes is one of the
central goals of landscape ecology. Landscape metrics are a widely used tool for the …

The advancements of the scientific knowledge require continuous efforts to convert these
progresses into social, economic, and political actions. Nowadays, as direct consequence of …

In this paper, we tested whether the spatial distribution of a given species in more or less
fragmented and disturbed landscapes depends on the species habitat specialization. We …

▪ Abstract Ecological indicators have widespread appeal to scientists, environmental
managers, and the general public. Indicators have long been used to detect changes in …

Urbanisation is a dynamic complex phenomenon involving large scale changes in the land
uses at local levels. Analyses of changes in land uses in urban environments provide a …

Aggregate measures that capture multiple aspects of socio-ecological vulnerability in a
single or small number of vulnerability indices can produce vulnerability maps that act as …

Ecologists can be overwhelmed by the number of metrics available to quantify landscape
structure. Clarification of interrelationships and redundancy is needed to guide metric …

This practical handbook bridges the gap between those scientists who study landscapes
and the planners and conservationists who must then decide how best to preserve and build …