BACKGROUND Increasingly, it is recognized that the microbes resident in the
gastrointestinal tract can influence brain physiology and behavior. Research has shown that …

Although social interactions are known to drive pathogen transmission, the contributions of
socially transmissible host-associated mutualists and commensals to host health and …

Mammalian gut microbiomes profoundly influence host fitness, but the processes that drive
the evolution of host-microbiome systems are poorly understood. Recent studies suggest …

The trillions of microbes living in the gut—the gut microbiota—play an important role in
human biology and disease. While much has been done to explore its diversity, a full …

The evolutionary origins of the bacterial lineages that populate the human gut are unknown.
Here we show that multiple lineages of the predominant bacterial taxa in the gut arose via …

As global biodiversity continues to reduce at an alarming rate, threatened species are
increasingly being brought under intensive management or into captivity. However, current …

Human gut microbiota directly influences health and provides an extra means of adaptive
potential to different lifestyles. To explore variation in gut microbiota and to understand how …

Host-associated microbiomes play an increasingly appreciated role in animal metabolism,
immunity and health. The microbes in turn depend on their host for resources and can be …

The microbiome is critical for host survival and fitness, but gaps remain in our understanding
of how this symbiotic community is structured. Despite evidence that related hosts often …

Over the past few years, microbiome research has dramatically reshaped our understanding
of human biology. New insights range from an enhanced understanding of how microbes …