The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to
its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate …

Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) have existed for decades. From the initial infusion of tumor-
infiltrating lymphocytes to the subsequent specific enhanced T cell receptor (TCR)-T and …

Lactate has long been considered a cellular waste product. However, we found that as
extracellular lactate accumulates, it also enters the mitochondrial matrix and stimulates …

Metabolites of glycolytic metabolism have been identified as signaling molecules and
regulators of gene expression, in addition to their basic function as major energy and …

Lactic acid production has been regarded as a mechanism by which malignant cells escape
immunosurveillance. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry and the use of …

Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells play a key role in the elimination of intracellular infections and
malignant cells and can provide long-term protective immunity. In the response to infection …

Immune evasion and metabolic reprogramming are two fundamental hallmarks of cancer.
Interestingly, lactate closely links them together. However, lactate has long been recognized …

Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and switch to a 'glycolysis-
dominant'metabolic profile to promote their survival and meet their requirements for energy …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, although vital for immune homeostasis, also represent a major
barrier to anti-cancer immunity, as the tumour microenvironment (TME) promotes the …

Several non-redundant features of the tumour microenvironment facilitate
immunosuppression and limit anticancer immune responses. These include physical …