Salinity gradients have been identified as promising clean, renewable and non-intermittent
sources of energy—so-called blue energy. However, the low efficiency of current harvesting …

Fluid transport at the nanoscale is ubiquitous in nature. However, rigorous study of fluid flow
and structure in artificial nanopores only emerged relatively recently. Termed nanofluidics …

Biological ion channels rapidly and selectively gate ion transport through atomic-scale filters
to maintain vital life functions. We report an atomic-scale ion transistor exhibiting ultrafast …

Recently, the emergence of conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has given great
prospects for their applications as active materials in electronic devices. In this work, a high …

Most state‐of‐the‐art electronic wearable sensors are powered by batteries that require
regular charging and eventual replacement, which would cause environmental issues and …

Ion transport and regulation are fundamental processes for various devices and applications
related to energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, sensing, ionotronics …

Controlled transport of water molecules through membranes and capillaries is important in
areas as diverse as water purification and healthcare technologies,,,,,–. Previous attempts to …

Osmosis is a universal phenomenon occurring in a broad variety of processes and fields. It
is the archetype of entropic forces, both trivial in its fundamental expression–the van't Hoff …

In nature, hierarchically assembled nanoscale ionic conductors, such as ion channels and
ion pumps, become the structural and functional basis of bioelectric phenomena. Recently …

Manipulating fluids at varying length scales and understanding their underlying mechanisms
are significant for interdisciplinary studies of physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering; …