This article focuses on the relevance of amorphous calcium (and magnesium) phosphates in
living organisms. Although crystalline calcium phosphate (CaP)-based materials are known …

This article provides a brief review of recent investigations concerning the structure and
properties of the tooth. The last decade has brought a greater emphasis on the “durability” of …

Enamel is the hardest and most resilient tissue in the human body. Enamel includes
morphologically aligned, parallel,∼ 50 nm wide, microns-long nanocrystals, bundled either …

Biological composites have evolved elaborate hierarchical structures to achieve outstanding
mechanical properties using weak but readily available building blocks. Combining the …

An experimental study is described on the fracture toughness and micro-mechanisms
associated with the initiation and propagation of cracks in metallic nickel containing marked …

Dental enamel, a hierarchical material composed primarily of hydroxylapatite nanowires, is
susceptible to degradation by plaque biofilm–derived acids. The solubility of enamel …

The machining of hard tissues, such as cortical bone and cancellous bone in human bodies
and enamel and dentin in teeth, is an essential process in orthopaedics, neurosurgery and …

The most important demand of today's high-performance materials is to unite high strength
with extreme fracture toughness. The combination of withstanding large forces (strength) …

Abstract < bold> Purpose: </bold> Human tooth enamel consists mostly of minerals,
primarily hydroxyapatite, Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2, and thus synthetic hydroxyapatite can be …

Objective Overview the development of human tooth; enamel, dentoenamel junction and
dentin in regard to hierarchical structure property relationships and how these component …