Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which
large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (∼ 10–50 km) are …

El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on
the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) …

The stratosphere has been identified as an important source of predictability for a range of
processes on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) time scales. Knowledge about S2S …

A powerful influence on the weather that we experience on the ground can be exerted by the
stratosphere. This highly stratified layer of Earth's atmosphere is found 10 to 50 kilometres …

Severe cold air outbreaks have significant impacts on human health, energy use,
agriculture, and transportation. Anomalous behavior of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex …

Advances in seasonal forecasting have brought widespread socio-economic benefits.
However, seasonal forecast skill in the extratropics is relatively modest, prompting the …

The coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere following two major
stratospheric sudden warmings is studied in the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model using …

Major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are striking phenomena of wintertime
stratospheric circulation usually defined as a reversal of zonal mean circulation from …

A minor sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) happened in September 2019 in the Southern
Hemisphere (SH) with winds at 10 hPa, 60° S reaching their minimum value on 18 …

Extreme variability of the winter‐and spring‐time stratospheric polar vortex has been shown
to affect extratropical tropospheric weather. Therefore, reducing stratospheric forecast error …