Scholarly debates about the nature of human emotion traditionally pit biological and cultural
influences against one another. Although many existing theories acknowledge the role of …

Anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than in men. In women the menstrual cycle
introduces another variable; indeed, some conditions eg, premenstrual syndrome, are …

Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children's
nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for develo** …

Stress and anxiety have intertwined behavioral and neural underpinnings. These
commonalities are critical for understanding each state, as well as their mutual interactions …

Animals have sophisticated mechanisms for co** with danger. Freezing is a unique state
that, upon threat detection, allows evidence to be gathered, response possibilities to be …

The specific neural systems underlying the subjective feeling of fear are debated in affective
neuroscience. Here, we combine functional MRI with machine learning to identify and …

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has been implicated in a variety of social,
cognitive, and affective functions that are commonly disrupted in mental illness. In this …

Fear and anxiety play a central role in mammalian life, and there is considerable interest in
clarifying their nature, identifying their biological underpinnings, and determining their …

The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic will linger for an extended period, although it is
under control and public transport is gradually resuming its operations. However, there is …

Upon increasing levels of threat, animals activate qualitatively different defensive modes,
including freezing and active fight-or-flight reactions. Whereas freezing is a form of …