Rising global temperature, pollution load, and energy crises are serious problems, recently
facing the world. Scientists around the world are ambitious to find eco-friendly and cost …

Presently, owing to the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization activities, a
huge quantity of wastewater is generated that contain toxic chemical and heavy metals …

Soil is considered as a vital natural resource equivalent to air and water which supports
growth of the plants and provides habitats to microorganisms. Changes in soil properties …

For lignocellulose biorefinery, pretreatment is needed to maximize the cellulose
accessibility, frequently generating excess inhibitory substances to decline the efficiency of …

Recent years have seen upsurge in plastic manufacturing and its utilization in various fields,
such as, packaging, household goods, medical applications, and beauty products. Due to …

Ruminant animals house a dense and diverse community of microorganisms in their rumen,
an enlarged compartment in their stomach, which provides a supportive environment for the …

The rumen of ruminants is a natural anaerobic fermentation system that efficiently degrades
lignocellulosic biomass and mainly depends on synergistic interactions between multiple …

Livestock manure (LSM) is a profitable waste if handled sensibly, but simultaneously it
imposes several environmental and health impacts if managed improperly. Several …

Plastic and mixed plastic waste (PW) has received increased worldwide attention owing to
its huge rate of production, high persistency in the environment, and unsustainable waste …

Land treatment has become an essential waste management practice. Therefore, soil
becomes a major source of contaminants including organic chemicals and potentially toxic …