Active matter, which ranges from molecular motors to groups of animals, exists at different
length scales and timescales, and various computational models have been proposed to …

Self-propelled particles include both self-phoretic synthetic colloids and various
microorganisms. By continually consuming energy, they bypass the laws of equilibrium …

This review summarizes theoretical progress in the field of active matter, placing it in the
context of recent experiments. This approach offers a unified framework for the mechanical …

Fluid dynamics plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including the locomotion of
cells such as bacteria and spermatozoa. These organisms possess flagella, slender …

The study of systems with sustained energy uptake and dissipation at the scale of the
constituent particles is an area of central interest in nonequilibrium statistical physics …

Active particles contain internal degrees of freedom with the ability to take in and dissipate
energy and, in the process, execute systematic movement. Examples include all living …

We review the observations and the basic laws describing the essential aspects of collective
motion—being one of the most common and spectacular manifestation of coordinated …

Bacteria are among the oldest and most abundant species on Earth. Bacteria successfully
colonize diverse habitats and play a significant role in the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen …

Cell motility in viscous fluids is ubiquitous and affects many biological processes, including
reproduction, infection and the marine life ecosystem. Here we review the biophysical and …

Concentrated suspensions of swimming microorganisms and other forms of active matter
are known to display complex, self-organized spatiotemporal patterns on scales that are …