The symbiosis between cnidarians (eg, corals or sea anemones) and intracellular
dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium is of immense ecological importance. In …

In spite of more than one century and half of studies, mechanisms of coral biomineralization,
leading to coral growth and reef formation, still remain poorly known, although major global …

Do corals form their skeletons by precipitation from solution or by attachment of amorphous
precursor particles as observed in other minerals and biominerals? The classical model …

Throughout the natural world, organisms have responded to predators, inadequate
resources, or inclement conditions by forming ongoing mutually beneficial partnerships--or …

In this review we discuss the present knowledge on the biological and environmental control
of biomineralization (calcification) in hermatypic corals. We describe first the anatomy of the …

Background Microbial inhabitants of soils are important to ecosystem and planetary
functions, yet there are large gaps in our knowledge of their diversity and ecology. The …

Symbiotic dinoflagellate algae residing inside coral tissues supply the host with the majority
of their energy requirements through the translocation of photosynthetically fixed carbon …

Coral reefs are among the most biologically diverse and economically important ecosystems
on the planet. The deposition of massive calcium carbonate skeletons (biomineralization or …

The Earth's oceans have absorbed more than 90% of the excess, climate change–induced
atmospheric heat. The resulting rise in oceanic temperatures affects all species and can …

The literature on ocean acidification (OA) contains a prevalent misconception that reduced
organismal calcification rates in an acidifying ocean are driven by a reduction in carbonate …