Although the insect circulatory system is involved in a multitude of vital physiological
processes, it has gone grossly understudied. This review highlights this critical physiological …

Employing the clear, student-friendly style that made previous editions so popular, Insect
Physiology and Biochemistry, Fourth Edition presents an engaging and authoritative guide …

As one of the oldest branches of biology, taxonomy deals with the identification,
classification and naming of living organisms, using a variety of tools to explore traits at the …

The immune and circulatory systems of mammals are functionally integrated, as exemplified
by the immune function of the spleen and lymph nodes. Similar functional integration exists …

The mechanisms of the evolution and development of the heart in metazoans are
highlighted, starting with the evolutionary origin of the contractile cell, supposedly the …

Until recently, the decapod crustacean heart was regarded as a simple, single ventricle,
contraction of which forces haemolymph out into seven arteries. Differential tissue perfusion …

In the field of phylogenetic systematics, the terms homology and homologue and their
relationship to cladistic terms such as character, character state, synapomorphy and …

The transition to multicellularity is perhaps the best-studied of the “major evolutionary
transitions”. It has occurred independently multiple times within the eukaryotes alone, and …

Morphology, the scientific discipline dealing with description and comparison of organismal
form, is one of the oldest disciplines in biology and traditionally strongly linked to the concept …

The morphology of hemolymph circulatory systems has been studied in many arthropod
groups over the past decades. In most cases, however, the focus of these studies has been …