Recent years have seen a blossoming of theories about the biological and physical basis of
consciousness. Good theories guide empirical research, allowing us to interpret data …

Unlike animal behavior, behavior in plants is traditionally assumed to be completely
determined either genetically or environmentally. Under this assumption, plants are usually …

Consciousness is now a well-established field of empirical research. A large body of
experimental results has been accumulated and is steadily growing. In parallel, many …

The broad concept of emergence is instrumental in various of the most challenging open
scientific questions—yet, few quantitative theories of what constitutes emergent phenomena …

Giulio Tononi's integrated information theory (IIT) proposes explaining consciousness by
directly identifying it with integrated information. We examine the construct validity of IIT's …

Entropy is a powerful tool for quantification of the brain function and its information
processing capacity. This is evident in its broad domain of applications that range from …

This paper introduces a model-agnostic approach to study statistical synergy, a form of
emergence in which patterns at large scales are not traceable from lower scales. Our …

How can we explain consciousness? This question has become a vibrant topic of
neuroscience research in recent decades. A large body of empirical results has been …

The integrated information theory of consciousness (IIT) is divisive: while some believe it
provides an unprecedentedly powerful approach to address the 'hard problem', others …

The neural substrates of consciousness remain elusive. Competing theories that attempt to
explain consciousness disagree on the contribution of frontal versus posterior cortex and …