Evapotranspiration (ET)—the distribution and partitioning of which is strongly mediated by
vegetation—is central to the water, energy and carbon cycles. In this Review, we examine …

Abstract Short-duration (1–3 h) rainfall extremes can cause serious damage to societies
through rapidly develo** (flash) flooding and are determined by complex, multifaceted …

Climate change and human activities increasingly threaten lakes that store 87% of Earth's
liquid surface fresh water. Yet, recent trends and drivers of lake volume change remain …

Atmospheric methane growth reached an exceptionally high rate of 15.1±0.4 parts per
billion per year in 2020 despite a probable decrease in anthropogenic methane emissions …

Tree restoration is an effective way to store atmospheric carbon and mitigate climate
change. However, large-scale tree-cover expansion has long been known to increase …

Severe and persistent 21st-century drought in southwestern North America (SWNA)
motivates comparisons to medieval megadroughts and questions about the role of …

Increasing floods and droughts are raising concerns of an accelerating water cycle,
however, the relative contributions to streamflow changes from climate and land …

As the climate warms, the consequent moistening of the atmosphere increases extreme
precipitation. Precipitation variability should also increase, producing larger wet-dry swings …

Drylands cover 41% of the earth's land surface and include 45% of the world's agricultural
land. These regions are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to anthropogenic climate …

Plastic waste increasingly accumulates in the marine environment, but data on the
distribution and quantification of riverine sources required for development of effective …