Background Worldwide rising trend in infertility has been observed in the past few years with
male infertility arising as a major problem. One main reason for the rise in male infertility …

Spermatozoon is a motile cell with a special ability to travel through the woman's
reproductive tract and fertilize an oocyte. To reach and penetrate the oocyte, spermatozoa …

The testis is a temperature-sensitive organ that needs to be maintained 2–7° C below core
body temperature to ensure the production of normal sperm. Failure to maintain testicular …

Abstract Background Bisphenol S (BPS) was introduced in the market as a potentially safer
alternative to bisphenol A (BPA). However, there are limited studies on health effects of BPS …

To facilitate temperature adjustments, the testicles are located outside the body cavity. In
most mammals, the temperature of the testes is lower than the body temperature to ensure …

Background Transgender women (people assigned male genders at birth with female
gender identities) can choose to cryopreserve semen before their medical transition, to …

Under normal conditions, to achieve optimal spermatogenesis, the temperature of the testes
should be 2–6° C lower than body temperature. Cryptorchidism is one of the common …

Components of the metabolic syndrome (ie, hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity,
atherosclerosis) are a leading cause of death in the United States and result in low-grade …

Purpose Poor sperm quality is a major contributor to infertility in heterosexual couples, but at
present there are few empirical therapies. Several studies have examined the role of dietary …

Despite the vast body of evidence that environmental toxicants adversely affect reproductive
development and function across species, demonstrating true cause and effect in the human …