The availability of host and dietary carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a key
role in sha** the structure-function of the microbiota. In particular, some gut bacteria have …

The human gastrointestinal tract is divided into sections, allowing digestion and nutrient
absorption in the proximal region to be separate from the vast microbial populations in the …

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) are not digested in the proximal intestine. In distal
intestine, HMOS collectively modify the microbiota, but the response of individual bacteria to …

Although the importance of bile acid (BA)-related microbial strains and enzymes is
increasingly recognized for monogastric animals, a lack of knowledge about BA metabolism …

A number of bacterial species are found in high abundance in the faeces of healthy breast-
fed infants, an occurrence that is understood to be, at least in part, due to the ability of these …

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors diverse microbial communities collectively
known as the gut microbiota that exert a profound impact on human health and disease. The …

It is interesting to speculate that the evolutionary drive for microbes to develop pathogenic
characteristics was to access the nutrient resources that animals provided. Animal …

Commensal bacteria often have an especially rich source of glycan-degrading enzymes
which allow them to utilize undigested carbohydrates from the food or the host. The species …

Glycans are the major carbon sources available to the human colonic microbiota. Numerous
N-glycosylated proteins are found in the human gut, from both dietary and host sources …

Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac)) is commonly found in the terminal location of
colonic mucin glycans where it is a much-coveted nutrient for gut bacteria, including …