The social environment is one of the primary sources of challenging stimuli that can induce a
stress response in animals. It comprises both short-term and stable interactions among …

Our ability to predict how species will respond to human-induced rapid environmental
change (HIREC) may depend upon our understanding of transgenerational plasticity (TGP) …

Across mammals, prenatal maternal stress (PREMS) affects many aspects of offspring
development, including offspring growth. However, how PREMS translates to offspring …

Stress is ubiquitous and thus, not surprisingly, many hypotheses and models have been
created to better study the role stress plays in life. Stress spans fields and is found in the …

Pregnancy is one of the defining characteristics of placental mammals. Key in the growth
and development of the fetus during pregnancy are the dynamics of glucocorticoids (GCs) …

Prenatal exposure to maternal stress is commonly associated with variation in Hypothalamic
Pituitary Adrenal (HPA)-axis functioning in offspring. However, the strength or consistency of …

Understanding the ways in which individuals cope with threats, respond to challenges, make
use of opportunities and mediate the harmful effects of their surroundings is important for …

A fundamental tenet of maternal effects assumes that maternal variance over time should
have discordant consequences for offspring traits across litters. Yet, seldom are parents …

A large body of research shows that maternal stress during an offspring's early life can
impact its phenotype in both the short and long term. In the Vertebrata, most research has …

Genetic architecture and phenotypic plasticity are important considerations when studying
trait variation within and among populations. Since environmental change can induce shifts …