The basal ganglia and the cerebellum are considered to be distinct subcortical systems that
perform unique functional operations. The outputs of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum …

Recent years have seen significant progress in our understanding of the neural substrates of
motor skill learning. Advances in neuroimaging provide new insight into functional …

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) combine methods, approaches, and concepts derived from
neurophysiology, computer science, and engineering in an effort to establish real-time …

Musical training has emerged as a useful framework for the investigation of training-related
plasticity in the human brain. Learning to play an instrument is a highly complex task that …

Motor cortex is widely believed to underlie the acquisition and execution of motor skills, but
its contributions to these processes are not fully understood. One reason is that studies on …

Clear associations of sleep, cognitive performance, and behavioral problems have been
demonstrated in meta-analyses of studies in adults. This meta-analysis is the first to …

This book focuses on a number of contemporary mainstream theories in second language
(L2) acquisition research that have generated attention among scholars. Since the mid …

After more than a century of work concentrating on the motor functions of the basal ganglia,
new ideas have emerged, suggesting that the basal ganglia also have major functions in …

Neuroimaging studies have improved our understanding of which brain structures are
involved in motor learning. Despite this, questions remain regarding the areas that …

Introduction Impaired proprioception has been reported as a feature in a number of
musculoskeletal disorders of various body parts, from the cervical spine to the ankle …