Changing climates are altering the structural and functional components of forest
ecosystems at an unprecedented rate. Simultaneously, we are seeing a diversification of …

Forest loss and degradation are the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Rising global
wood demand threatens further damage to remaining native forests. Contrasting solutions …

We are part of Nature, not separate from it. We rely on Nature to provide us with food, water
and shelter; regulate our climate and disease; maintain nutrient cycles and oxygen …

Human impacts on Earth's ecosystems have greatly intensified in the last decades. This is
reflected in unexpected disturbance events, as well as new and increasing socio-economic …

Trade-offs and synergies in the supply of forest ecosystem services are common but the
drivers of these relationships are poorly understood. To guide management that seeks to …

There is increasing interest across Europe in adopting forest management strategies, which
promote species and structural diversity through the use of irregular silvicultural systems, an …

Forests managed for timber have an important role to play in conserving global biodiversity.
We evaluated the most common timber production systems worldwide in terms of their …

For managed temperate forests, conservationists and policymakers favour fine‐grained
uneven‐aged (UEA) management over more traditional coarse‐grained even‐aged (EA) …

Closer-to-Nature Forest Management is a new concept proposed in the EU Forest Strategy
for 2030, which aims to improve the conservation values and climate resilience of …

Measures to describe stand structural complexity efficiently and objectively are increasingly
demanded to understand the relationship between forest management, stand structure …