Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process
regulated by various pro-and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor …

The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the United States exceeds 10 million
people, and PAD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. PAD is …

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication, affecting about 5–7% of
pregnancies worldwide and is characterized by hypertension and damage to multiple …

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members, VEGF-A, placenta growth
factor (PlGF), and to a lesser extent VEGF-B, play an essential role in tumor-associated …

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) belong to the platelet-derived growth factor
supergene family, and they play central roles in the regulation of angiogenesis and …

Retinal microvasculature is crucial for the visual function of the neural retina. Pericytes and
endothelial cells (ECs) are the two main cellular constituents in the retinal microvessels …

Five vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) ligands (VEGF-A,-B,–C,-D, and
placental growth factor [PlGF]) constitute the VEGF family. VEGF-A binds VEGF receptors 1 …

Pharmacological inhibition of VEGF-A has proven to be effective in inhibiting angiogenesis
and vascular leak associated with cancers and various eye diseases. However, little …

Preeclampsia is a clinical syndrome defined as the new onset of hypertension and
proteinuria during the second half of pregnancy. 1 It afflicts 3% to 5% of pregnancies and is …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of physiological angiogenesis
during embryogenesis, skeletal growth and reproductive functions. VEGF has also been …