The serum amyloid A (SAA) family comprises a number of differentially expressed
apolipoproteins, acute‐phase SAAs (A‐SAAs) and constitutive SAAs (C‐SAAs). A‐SAAs are …

Cytokines and other immune mediators are secreted by cells of the immune system during
immune responses and as a means of communication. While the functions of these …

Proteins adsorbing at nanoparticles have been proposed as critical toxicity mediators and
are included in ongoing efforts to develop predictive tools for safety assessment. Strongly …

Background: Research on autoantibody formation in patients treated with TNFα inhibitors
has produced contradictory results. Objective: To study the prevalence of autoantibodies in …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces inflammatory signals, leading to hepatitis, hepatocellular
carcinomas, and lymphomas. The mechanism of HCV involvement in the host's innate …

Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition that can be fatal if not appropriately managed.
Although heat stroke has been recognised as a medical condition for centuries, a universally …

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is known to be a precursor of amyloid A (AA) protein in AA
(secondary) amyloidosis and SAA1 to be mainly involved in AA amyloidosis. We established …

Deregulated TNF production, be it low or high, characterizes many autoimmune diseases.
Recent evidence supports a dualistic, pro-inflammatory and immune-or disease-suppressive …

Expression of cytochromes P450 (CYP) is markedly reduced during inflammatory processes.
In vitro studies with hepatocytes have shown that cytokines generated during these …

In addition to the mechanisms inducing the expression and secretion of cytokines under
distinct pathophysiological conditions, the fate of cytokines after secretion at sites of …