Elliptic Curve (EC) is the most recent and advanced technique of Elliptic Curve
Cryptography (ECC). EC is often used to improve the security of open communication …

Multi-factor authentication is a promising way to enhance the security of password-based
authenticated key exchange (PAKE) schemes. It is widely deployed in various daily …

The Internet of Energy (IoE) provides an effective networking technology for distributed
green energy, which allows the connection of energy anywhere at any time. As an important …

Cyber security refers to the protection of Internet-connected systems, such as hardware,
software as well as data (information) from cyber attacks (adversaries). A cyber security …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) will be integrated into the future Internet as one of the
components of the Internet of Things, and will become globally addressable by any entity …

Despite decades of intensive research, it is still challenging to design a practical multi-factor
user authentication scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This is because protocol …

Wearable devices are used in various applications to collect information including step
information, slee** cycles, workout statistics, and health-related information. Due to the …

Abstract Industry 4.0, which combines information technology, network and industrial
production, is expected to have a tremendous impact on our daily lives. In such a complex …

Internet of things (IoT) has become a new era of communication technology for performing
information exchange. With the immense increment of usage of smart devices, IoT services …

Secure messages exchange among different vehicles is one of the most challenging tasks in
future smart cities. Any malicious activity has the potential to compromise the confidentiality …