Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of cysteine-dependent peroxidase enzymes
that play dominant roles in regulating peroxide levels within cells. These enzymes, often …

Peroxynitrite, a short-lived and reactive oxidant, emerges from the diffusion-controlled
reaction between the superoxide radical and nitric oxide. Evidence shows that peroxynitrite …

Low molecular weight (LMW) thiols function as thiol-redox buffers to maintain the reduced
state of the cytoplasm. The best studied LMW thiol is the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) …

The carbon dioxide/bicarbonate (CO 2/HCO 3-) molecular pair is ubiquitous in mammalian
cells and tissues, mainly as a result of oxidative decarboxylation reactions that occur during …

Life on Earth evolved in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and other peroxides also
emerged before and with the rise of aerobic metabolism. They were considered only as toxic …

The oxidation of biothiols participates not only in the defense against oxidative damage but
also in enzymatic catalytic mechanisms and signal transduction processes. Thiols are …

The generation of phagosomal cytotoxic reactive species (ie, free radicals and oxidants) by
activated macrophages and neutrophils is a crucial process for the control of intracellular …

Thiol groups in protein cysteine (Cys) residues can undergo one-and two-electron oxidation
reactions leading to the formation of thiyl radicals or sulfenic acids, respectively. In this mini …

Significance: The systematic investigation of oxidative modification of proteins by reactive
oxygen species started in 1980. Later, it was shown that reactive nitrogen species could also …

Evidence has accumulated showing that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) acts as a signaling
molecule via oxidation of critical cysteine residues on target proteins. The reaction of H 2 O 2 …