Over the past decade, our understanding of the role of stress in serious mental illness has
become more sophisticated. In this paper, we revisit the neural diathesis-stress model of …

Objectives To provide a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the available evidence on
the role of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathophysiology of Bipolar …

Evidence that childhood adversities are risk factors for psychosis has accumulated rapidly.
Research into the mechanisms underlying these relationships has focused, productively, on …

Increased peripheral levels of morning cortisol have been reported in people with
schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), but findings are inconsistent and few studies …

Childhood adversity increases the risk of develo** psychosis, but the biological
mechanisms involved are unknown. Disaggregating early adverse experiences into core …

Up to now studies on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity in psychosis have
shown inconsistent findings. These inconsistencies have been often ascribed to …

We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the HPA axis response to social stress in
studies that used the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), or comparable distressing paradigms …

Recent studies have provided robust evidence for an association between childhood trauma
(CT) and psychosis. Meta-analyses have quantified the association, pointing to odds ratios …

Early life adversity is associated with increased risk for psychosis onset and poor clinical
outcome. Male compared to female patients often show a more severe course of psychotic …

The cortisol awakening response (CAR), defined as the increase in cortisol release in
response to waking up, shows associations with social and environmental risk factors of …