Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique sentinel cell type that can detect pathogen-
derived nucleic acids and respond with rapid and massive production of type I interferon …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) survey intra-and extracellular spaces for pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within microbial products of infection. Recognition …

Our knowledge regarding the contribution of the innate immune system in recognizing and
subsequently initiating a host response to an invasion of RNA virus has been rapidly …

Pulmonary immune homeostasis is maintained by a network of tissue-resident cells that
continually monitor the external environment, and in health, instruct tolerance to innocuous …

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family plays an instructive role in innate immune responses
against microbial pathogens, as well as the subsequent induction of adaptive immune …

Induction of the antiviral innate immune response depends on recognition of viral
components by host pattern-recognition receptors. Members of the Toll-like receptor family …

Viral nucleic acids often trigger an innate immune response in infected cells. Many viruses,
including hepatitis C virus (HCV), have evolved mechanisms to evade intracellular …

Type I Interferons (IFNs) are hallmark cytokines produced in immune responses to all
classes of pathogens. Type I IFNs can influence dendritic cell (DC) activation, maturation …

Short interfering RNA (siRNA) is used in RNA interference technology to avoid non-target-
related induction of type I interferon (IFN) typical for long double-stranded RNA. Here we …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in host defence against invading pathogens,
functioning as primary sensors of microbial products and activating signalling pathways that …