Wu et al The RAS and Cardiovascular Functions e109 homocysteine decreased
antihypertensive effect of enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, in chronic hypertensive patients. 61 …

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelium is an important protective molecule in the
vasculature. It is generated by the enzyme endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Similar to all …

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is intricately involved in normal cardiovascular
homeostasis. Excessive stimulation by the octapeptide angiotensin II contributes to a range …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of many types
of cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, aneurysms …

The vascular endothelium not only is a single monolayer of cells between the vessel lumen
and the intimal wall, but also plays an important role by controlling vascular function and …

Extensive research has been conducted to elucidate and substantiate the crucial role of the
Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in the pathogenesis of hypertension, cardiovascular …

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) represents an anti-
atherosclerotic principle. NO bioavailability is decreased in atherosclerosis due to increased …

Atherosclerosis is considered a disease caused by a chronic inflammation, associated with
endothelial dysfunction, and several mediators of inflammation are up-regulated in subjects …

Recent evidence shows that the renin‐angiotensin system is a crucial player in
atherosclerotic processes. The regulation of arterial blood pressure was considered from its …

In the present review we examine the experimental and clinical evidence for the presence of
a local renin–angiotensin system within the retina. Interest in a pathogenic role for the renin …