Sex differences are prominent in mood and anxiety disorders and may provide a window
into mechanisms of onset and maintenance of affective disturbances in both men and …

Sex hormones have been implicated in neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, dendritic
branching, myelination and other important mechanisms of neural plasticity. Here we review …

Despite decades of research on the physiological and psychological effects of the menstrual
cycle, studies have not sufficiently adopted consistent methods for operationalizing the …

Following approval of the ICD‐11 by the World Health Assembly in May 2019, World Health
Organization (WHO) member states will transition from the ICD‐10 to the ICD‐11, with …

The question of 'what is a mental disorder?'is central to the philosophy of psychiatry, and has
crucial practical implications for psychiatric nosology. Rather than approaching the problem …

Estradiol is the “prototypic” sex hormone of women. Yet, women have another sex hormone,
which is often disregarded: Progesterone. The goal of this article is to provide a …

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are common
disorders of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and are characterized by moderate to …

Recently designated as a disorder in the DSM-5, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
presents an array of avenues for further research. PMDD's profile, characterized by cognitive …

The serotonin deficit hypothesis explanation for major depressive disorder (MDD) has
persisted among clinicians and the general public alike despite insufficient supporting …

Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common cause of physical, psychological
and social problems in women of reproductive age. The key characteristic of PMS is the …