In the contexts of aging, injury, or neuroinflammation, activated microglia signaling with TNF-
α, IL-1α, and C1q induces a neurotoxic astrocytic phenotype, classified as A1, A1-like, or …

Background One of the most unique plants that have ever grown on the planet is Ginkgo
biloba L., a member of the Ginkgoaceae family with no close living relatives. The existence …

The major barrier to cure HIV infection is the early generation and extended survival of HIV
reservoirs in the circulation and tissues. Currently, the techniques used to detect and …

HIV-1 remains a global health concern and to date, nearly 38 million people are living with
HIV. The complexity of HIV-1 pathogenesis and its subsequent prevalence is influenced by …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transactivator of transcription (Tat) is a potent
mediator involved in the development of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders …

The most studied HIV eradication approach is the “shock and kill” strategy, which aims to
reactivate the latent reservoir by latency reversing agents (LRAs) and allowing elimination of …

Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the survival of HIV-infected individuals, yet it is
not curative. The major barrier to finding a definitive cure for HIV is our inability to identify …

As therapies are developed to cure HIV, it is important to protect the CNS from additional
immune-mediated damage. Adjunctive therapies to restore glial function, reduce …

Fluorescence imaging is an important branch of bioimaging. It is non-invasive and provides
superior spatial and temporal resolution during the real-time monitoring of biological …

Introduction Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed prognoses for HIV-1-infected
individuals but requires lifelong adherence to prevent viral resurgence. Targeted elimination …