Background Unravelling domestication processes is crucial for understanding how species
respond to anthropogenic pressures, forecasting crop responses to future global changes …

Rising temperatures are influencing forests on many scales, with potentially strong variation
vertically across forest strata. Using published research and new analyses, we evaluate how …

Global change poses new challenges for plant species, including novel and complex
combinations of environmental conditions to which plants should adjust and adapt …

Key message A generalized performance equation is proposed to fit the Lorenz curve of the
leaf size distribution of an individual plant and is validated using 12 individual bamboo …

Sky view factor (SVF), an important geometrical factor for the urban thermal environmental
assessment, has a controversial impact in different urban contexts: its value is usually …

Abstract LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology has been increasingly
implemented to assess the biophysical attributes of forest canopies. However, LiDAR-based …

Globally shaded leaves contribute to more than a half of the total increase in gross primary
production (GPP; 7.6 Pg C) for 1982–2016. During 1982–2016, the fraction of shaded GPP …

Pavement cells (PCs) are the most frequently occurring cell type in the leaf epidermis and
play important roles in leaf growth and function. In many plant species, PCs form highly …

Background Türkiye hosts many important fruit species due to its geographical location and
ecology. Hawthorn, which is highly beneficial for human health, is one of these significant …

In the field, leaves may face very different light intensities within the tree canopy. Leaves
usually respond with light-induced morphological and photosynthetic changes, in a …