Highlights•Perceptual Learning research has identified numerous processes that change
with learning.•Identified mechanisms of Perceptual Learning are not mutually …

Active vision therapy using perceptual learning and/or dichoptic or binocular environments
has shown its potential effectiveness in amblyopia, but some doubts remain about the type …

Recent studies highlight the importance of the temporal domain in visual processing. Critical
Flicker-Fusion Frequency (CFF), the frequency at which a flickering light is perceived as …

Heterophoria is a common type of binocular fusion disorder that consists of a latent eye
misalignment with potential consequences on daily activities such as reading or working on …

Masking and crowding are major phenomena associated with contextual modulations, but
the relationship between them remains unclear. We have recently shown that crowding is …

Abstract Israeli Air Force (IAF) pilots continue flying combat missions after the symptoms of
natural near-vision deterioration, termed presbyopia, begin to be noticeable. Because …

The receptive field (RF) is the fundamental processing unit of human vision; both masking
and crowding depend on its size. The RF has a psychophysical corresponding term, the …

Integration of information over the CNS is an important neural process that affects our ability
to perceive and react to the environment. The visual system is required to continuously …

Visual acuity (VA) is compared to contrast sensitivity (CS) testing in assessing “real‐world”
visual performance, and it is recommended that both should be measured routinely in the …

Binocular vision disorders or dysfunctions have considerable impact on daily visual activities
such as reading. Heterophoria (phoria) is a latent eye misalignment (with a prevalence of up …