Invertases (INVs) and pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are essential enzymes coordinating
carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, and sugar signaling. INVs catalyzes the …

Cutin, a polyester composed mostly of oxygenated fatty acids, serves as the framework of
the plant cuticle. The same types of cutin monomers occur across most plant lineages …

Plant cell walls are complex and dynamic structures that play important roles in growth and
development, as well as in response to stresses. Pectin is a major polysaccharide of cell …

Main conclusion Recent publications have increased our knowledge of how pectin
composition and the degree of homogalacturonan methylesterification impact the …

Fast directional growth is a necessity for the young seedling; after germination, it needs to
quickly penetrate the soil to begin its autotrophic life. In most dicot plants, this rapid escape …

Cuticles, which are composed of a variety of aliphatic molecules, impregnate epidermal cell
walls forming diffusion barriers that cover almost all the aerial surfaces in higher plants. In …

The cuticle is an essential and ubiquitous biological polymer composite covering aerial plant
organs, whose structural component is the cutin polyester entangled with cell wall …

The thick cuticle covering and embedding the epidermal cells of tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum) fruit acts not only as a protective barrier against pathogens and water loss but …

Russeting, a commercially important defect in the exocarp of apple (Malus× domestica), is
mainly characterized by the accumulation of suberin on the inner part of the cell wall of the …

Genome duplication (generating polyploids) is an engine of novelty in eukaryotic evolution
and a promising crop improvement tool. Yet newly formed polyploids often have low fertility …