The immune system is composed of two subsystems—the innate immune system and the
adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the first to respond to pathogens and …

What is known about the biological activity of fish cytokines is reviewed. Most of the
functional studies performed to date have been in teleost fish, and have focused on the …

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, which is initiated by
the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous …

Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are traditionally known to sense microbial molecules
during infection to initiate inflammatory responses. However, ligands for PRRs are not …

The major hindrance in the development and sustainability of aquaculture industry is the
occurrence of various diseases in the farming systems. Today, preventive and management …

Starting out as a model for developmental biology, during the last decade, zebrafish have
also gained the attention of the immunologists and oncologists. Due to its small size, high …

Teleosts clearly have a more diffuse gut associated lymphoid system, which is
morphological and functional clearly different from the mammalian GALT. All immune cells …

Receptors that recognize conserved pathogen molecules are the first line of cellular innate
immunity defense. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best understood of the innate immune …

The complete sequences of Takifugu Toll-like receptor (TLR) loci and gene predictions from
many draft genomes enable comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis. Strong …