Small GTPases use GDP/GTP alternation to actuate a variety of functional switches that are
pivotal for cell dynamics. The GTPase switch is turned on by GEFs, which stimulate …

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs)
regulate the activity of small guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins to control cellular …

Rho GTPases are central regulators of the cytoskeleton and, in humans, are controlled by
145 multidomain guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) and GTPase-activating …

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a lipid second messenger that is generated in response to
extracellular stimuli and channels intracellular signals that affect mammalian cell …

Diacylglycerol (DAG) has unique functions as a basic component of membranes, an
intermediate in lipid metabolism and a key element in lipid-mediated signaling. In …

The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) domain is a
protein module of∼ 210 residues that binds lipids, including sterols. Fifteen mammalian …

The development of precise connectivity patterns during the establishment of the nervous
system depends on the regulated action of diverse, conserved families of guidance cues …

C1 domains, cysteine-rich modules originally identified in protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes,
are present in multiple signaling families, including PKDs, chimaerins, RasGRPs …

Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (DGK) modulates the balance between the two signaling lipids,
DAG and phosphatidic acid (PA), by phosphorylating DAG to yield PA. To date, ten …

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are the paradigmatic effectors of lipid signaling. PKCs
translocate to cell membranes and are allosterically activated upon binding of the lipid …