Summary Low-grade heat (< 100° C) is abundant and ubiquitous but is generally discarded
owing to a lack of cost-effective recovery technologies. Emerging liquid-state thermocells …

Abundant and ubiquitous thermal heat called low-grade heat (< 150° C) is wasted in our
surroundings owing to the lack of effective and low-cost energy technologies. Thermo …

Aqueous zinc ion capacitors (ZICs) with hydrogel electrolytes (HEs) exhibit the advantages
of high sustainability, inherent safety, appealing energy/power densities, and extraordinary …

High-performance thermogalvanic cells have the potential to convert thermal energy into
electricity, but their effectiveness is limited by the low concentration difference of redox ions …

Thermocells hold great potential for continually harvesting waste heat to power ubiquitous
electronics, but their integration is hampered by leakage risk and poor mechanical …

Thermocells can continuously convert heat into electricity, and they are widely used to
power wearable electronic devices. However, they have a risk of leakage and poor …

Ionic thermocells have relatively high thermopowers based on the thermogalvanic effect, but
their small electricity output is still insufficient for practical applications. We demonstrated a …

Thermal energy, constituting the majority of the energy lost through various inefficiencies, is
abundant and ubiquitous. With thermogalvanic effect, thermocells (TECs) can directly …

Quasi-solid-state ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) cells have attracted increasing interest due to
their high thermopower and easy solution processability for flexible and wearable …

The design of power supply systems for wearable applications requires both flexibility and
durability. Thermoelectrochemical cells (TECs) with large Seebeck coefficient can efficiently …