Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the
global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes …

As one quarter of global energy use serves the production of materials, the more efficient
use of these materials presents a significant opportunity for the mitigation of greenhouse gas …

Eco-friendly industrial production is essential to save our environment. The present article
reviews the sustainability aspects for steel and cement industries, as both are highly …

Steel production accounts for approximately 8% of all global CO2 emissions, with the
primary steelmaking route using iron ores contributing approximately 80% of those …

With booming of the automobile industry, China has become the country with increasing car
ownership all over the world. However, the end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling industry is at …

Production of new steel by recycling steel requires up to 10 times less energy than the
production of steel from virgin iron ore (primary steel). In a hypothetical future world with an …

Material flow analysis (MFA) studies the stocks and flows of goods and substances in
systems. The methods and algorithms of MFA have improved over the last few years, but a …

Material efficiency (ME) strategies are pursued by governments and companies to reduce
environmental emissions, improve supply chain resilience, and enhance cost …

Recycling steel scraps by the use of electric arc furnace is one of the most promising
approaches for the steel industry to achieve net-zero emissions. Due to the uneven …

We analyze 78 case studies that applied an input-output (IO) model for waste management
analyses. We categorize all IO models into four types (waste extended IO (WEIO), waste IO …