Contents Summary I. Introduction II. Cold stress and physiological responses in plants III.
Sensing of cold signals in plants IV. Messenger molecules involved in cold signal …

Calcium has well-documented roles in plant signaling, water relations and cell wall
interactions. Significant research into how calcium impacts these individual processes in …

Low temperatures affect plant growth, development, productivity, and ecological distribution.
Expression of the C-repeat-binding factor (CBF) transcription factors is induced by cold …

The transient elevation of cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+] cyt) induced by cold
stress is a well‐established phenomenon; however, the underlying mechanism remains …

Cold stress is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth and development. The C-
repeat-binding factor (CBF)-dependent cold signaling pathway is extensively studied in …

In plant cells, changes in fluidity of the plasma membrane may serve as the primary sensor
of cold stress; however, the precise mechanism and how the cell transduces and fine-tunes …

Improvement of chilling tolerance is a major target in rice breeding. The signaling pathways
regulating chilling consist of complex networks, including key transcription factors and their …

Plants need to cope with multitudes of stimuli throughout their lifecycles in their complex
environments. Calcium acts as a ubiquitous secondary messenger in response to numerous …

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates numerous developmental processes and adaptive stress
responses in plants. Many ABA signaling components have been identified, but their …

Salinization is a worldwide environmental problem, which is negatively impacting crop yield
and thus posing a threat to the world's food security. Considering the rising threat of salinity …