The timing of the initial India–Asia collision and the mechanisms that led to the eventual
formation of the high (> 5 km) Tibetan Plateau remain enigmatic. In this Review, we describe …

Understanding of secular evolution of the Earth system is based largely on the rock and
mineral archive preserved in the continental lithosphere. Based on the frequency and range …

The Himalayan-Tibetan orogen culminated during the Cenozoic India--Asia collision, but its
geological framework and initial growth were fundamentally the result of multiple, previous …

The basins and orogens of the Mediterranean region ultimately result from the opening of
oceans during the early break-up of Pangea since the Triassic, and their subsequent …

Convergence between the Indian and Asian plates has reshaped large parts of Asia,
changing regional climate and biodiversity, yet geodynamic models fundamentally diverge …

How the continental lithosphere deforms far away from plate boundaries has been long
debated. The Tianshan is a type-example of ongoing lithospheric deformation in an …

A compilation of 290 zircon U–Pb ages of intrusive rocks indicates that the Gangdese
Batholith in southern Tibet was emplaced from c. 210 Ma to c. 10 Ma. Two intense magmatic …

The origins and development of the arid and highly seasonal steppe-desert biome in Central
Asia, the largest of its kind in the world, remain largely unconstrained by existing records. It …

Abstract The India-Asia collision is an outstanding smoking gun in the study of continental
collision dynamics. How and when the continental collision occurred remains a long …

We report paleomagnetic data showing that an intraoceanic Trans-Tethyan subduction zone
existed south of the Eurasian continent and north of the Indian subcontinent until at least …