Cells are crowded, but proteins are almost always studied in dilute aqueous buffer. We
review the experimental evidence that crowding affects the equilibrium thermodynamics of …

The cell wall envelope of gram-positive bacteria is a macromolecular, exoskeletal organelle
that is assembled and turned over at designated sites. The cell wall also functions as a …

Signals in many biological processes can be amplified by recruiting multiple copies of
regulatory proteins to a site of action. Harnessing this principle, we have developed a …

Extremotolerant organisms and industry exploit sugars as desiccation protectants, with
trehalose being widely used by both. How sugars, in general, and the hydrolytically stable …

Background Nonadditivity in fitness effects from two or more mutations, termed epistasis, can
result in compensation of deleterious mutations or negation of beneficial mutations. Recent …

Engineering shape memory/morphing materials have achieved considerable progress in
polymer-based systems with broad potential applications. However, engineering protein …

Structure-based and physics-based coarse-grained molecular force fields have become
attractive approaches to gain mechanistic insight into the function of large biomolecular …

We explore the ability of a simple simulated annealing procedure to assemble native-like
structures from fragments of unrelated protein structures with similar local sequences using …

The fast Fourier transformation has been the gold standard for transforming data from time to
frequency domain in many spectroscopic methods, including NMR. While reliable, it has as …

We describe an experimental method of three-dimensional (3D) structure determination that
exploits the increasing ease of high-throughput mutational scans. Inspired by the success of …