Ninety percent of clinical drug development fails despite implementation of many successful
strategies, which raised the question whether certain aspects in target validation and drug …

Understanding the in vivo transport of nanoparticles provides guidelines for designing
nanomedicines with higher efficacy and fewer side effects. Among many factors, the size of …

Nanoparticles enter tumours through endothelial cells, gaps or other mechanisms, but how
they exit is unclear. The current paradigm states that collapsed tumour lymphatic vessels …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has aroused great research interest in recent years owing to its
high spatiotemporal selectivity, minimal invasiveness, and low systemic toxicity. However …

Drug delivery technologies have been proven to improve treatment outcomes in many ways,
including enhancing therapeutic efficacy, reducing toxicity, increasing patient compliance …

Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable attention in various fields, such as
cosmetics, the food industry, material design, and nanomedicine. In particular, the fast …

In recent years, the development of nanoparticles has expanded into a broad range of
clinical applications. Nanoparticles have been developed to overcome the limitations of free …

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cellular signaling pathway is a promising target
for cancer immunotherapy. Activation of the intracellular STING protein triggers the …

Nanomaterial (NM) delivery to solid tumors has been the focus of intense research for over a
decade. Classically, scientists have tried to improve NM delivery by employing passive or …

The delivery of medical agents to a specific diseased tissue or cell is critical for diagnosing
and treating patients. Nanomaterials are promising vehicles to transport agents that include …