Here, we provide an update of our review on homeobox genes that we wrote together with
Walter Gehring in 1994. Since then, comprehensive surveys of homeobox genes have …

Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to
the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited …

Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infect more than 400 million people each year with
dangerous viral pathogens including dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya. Progress …

Reconstructing the genomes of bilaterian ancestors is central to our understanding of animal
evolution, where knowledge from ancient and/or slow-evolving bilaterian lineages is critical …

Coleoid cephalopods (octopus, squid and cuttlefish) are active, resourceful predators with a
rich behavioural repertoire. They have the largest nervous systems among the invertebrates …

Hox genes encode evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that are essential for the
proper development of bilaterian organisms. Hox genes are unique because they are …

Modern cartilaginous fishes are divided into elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates) and
chimaeras, and the lack of established whole-genome sequences for the former has …

Current genomic perspectives on animal diversity neglect two prominent phyla, the molluscs
and annelids, that together account for nearly one-third of known marine species and are …

Introduction During vertebrate limb development, gene members of the HoxD cluster are
transcribed in two subsequent waves, following a collinear strategy. Early on, genes located …

Several decades have passed since the discovery of Hox genes in the fruit fly Drosophila
melanogaster. Their unique ability to regulate morphologies along the anteroposterior (AP) …